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對于已經運行的(de)(de)廚(chu)房(fang)，餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)洗消量是清楚的(de)(de)，而對于策劃建(jian)設中(zhong)的(de)(de)廚(chu)房(fang)，選用(yong)洗碗機(ji)時(shi)就需要對餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)量進行計算。食堂(tang)和快餐店比較好(hao)計算，因為(wei)就餐人數比較固定，餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)品種(zhong)和用(yong)量都比較少。餐館，特別(bie)是高(gao)檔餐館，餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)品種(zhong)多，用(yong)量多，還涉及是否(fou)有集中(zhong)餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)配送(song)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。現在許多中(zhong)小餐館由(you)餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)洗消配送(song)中(zhong)心(xin)配送(song)5件套餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)，其余餐具(ju)(ju)(ju)由(you)餐館自行負責洗消。

1、餐具的組成

在對餐具(ju)量進行計算之前，首(shou)先(xian)分析(xi)一下餐具(ju)的組成。餐館的餐具(ju)大致由三類組成：餐位餐具(ju)、上菜餐具(ju)和特色(se)餐具(ju)。

1）餐(can)(can)位(wei)餐(can)(can)具：每位(wei)客人(ren)必用的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)具，如骨碟(die)、翅碗、茶杯、直口杯、瓷勺。面(mian)(mian)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)拉面(mian)(mian)碗、羊湯(tang)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)湯(tang)碗等都是(shi)按餐(can)(can)位(wei)和就(jiu)餐(can)(can)人(ren)數(shu)配置(zhi)的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)具。前(qian)面(mian)(mian)五(wu)種餐(can)(can)具稱為(wei)五(wu)件套，加上筷子(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)6件，是(shi)一(yi)般餐(can)(can)館(guan)(guan)常(chang)用的(de)(de)標準(zhun)餐(can)(can)具配置(zhi)。還有(you)一(yi)些公(gong)用的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)具也是(shi)按餐(can)(can)位(wei)考(kao)慮配置(zhi)的(de)(de)，如醬油壺、醋壺、煙缸、調料(liao)盒等根據餐(can)(can)桌配置(zhi)。不同檔次的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)館(guan)(guan)可在(zai)此基礎上增減，一(yi)般人(ren)均3－10件。餐(can)(can)位(wei)餐(can)(can)具是(shi)數(shu)量(liang)最大、清洗消毒比較麻煩的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)具。

2）上菜(cai)餐具：專門用來為(wei)客人上菜(cai)的餐具，有平盤、殼盤、魚盤、湯盆、火鍋、湯勺等種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，不一(yi)一(yi)列舉。一(yi)般人均1～5件，數量僅次于餐位餐具。

3）特色餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)：為(wei)體現酒(jiu)店檔(dang)次特色所用(yong)的(de)餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，如金銀餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、醒酒(jiu)器、分酒(jiu)器、冰粒桶、冰夾(jia)等。特色餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)根據需要(yao)配置和(he)使(shi)用(yong)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有隨機性，主要(yao)為(wei)高檔(dang)餐(can)(can)廳(ting)的(de)包間配置。由于(yu)每(mei)餐(can)(can)需要(yao)洗消的(de)餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)主要(yao)是(shi)餐(can)(can)位餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)菜餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，一個最(zui)大就餐(can)(can)段所需要(yao)的(de)餐(can)(can)位餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)上(shang)菜餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)就是(shi)餐(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)最(zui)低配置量，可按就餐(can)(can)人數進行計算。

2、餐具量計算

餐館就餐人數(shu)可以按餐位數(shu)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，經營好(hao)的餐館要(yao)翻倍計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。特色餐具(ju)(ju)用(yong)量相對少得多(duo)，可簡單估算(suan)(suan)(suan)。這里只是提供了一種思路，只計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)了主要(yao)餐具(ju)(ju)量，還有(you)許(xu)多(duo)茶具(ju)(ju)、公用(yong)餐具(ju)(ju)、定期清(qing)洗(xi)的調料壺后廚應用(yong)的餐具(ju)(ju)、盆盤(pan)等沒有(you)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)在內，數(shu)量相對要(yao)少許(xu)多(duo)，具(ju)(ju)體應用(yong)還是要(yao)結合實際(ji)情況確(que)定，適當加以考慮。

計算舉例：

一個中等中餐廳，10個15個餐位(wei)(wei)的包(bao)間(jian)，150個散臺餐位(wei)(wei)，合計300個餐位(wei)(wei)。包(bao)間(jian)餐位(wei)(wei)按(an)高檔(dang)計算，最低配置餐具量為

50個散臺餐位(wei)×13件(jian)／人＋150包間餐位(wei)×16件(jian)／人≥4350件(jian)

可選2000件(jian)／小時以上的洗碗機(ji)。如果經營火(huo)爆，散(san)臺每餐(can)二次就(jiu)餐(can)，散(san)臺餐(can)具(ju)量翻倍計(ji)算餐(can)具(ju)洗消量可達(da)6300件(jian)，就(jiu)需要選配3000件(jian)／小時以上的洗碗機(ji)。

一個1500人(ren)就餐的食堂，餐具洗消量按就餐人(ren)數計算：

1500人×4件(jian)／人＝6000件(jian)

該食堂需要選配3000件／小時以上的洗碗機。

3、外餐餐具計算(suan)說明

外餐(can)有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)，尤(you)其西餐(can)，最(zui)顯著的(de)特(te)點是(shi)在餐(can)具配置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)使用(yong)方面比較(jiao)(jiao)講究。各國西餐(can)餐(can)具用(yong)法和(he)各種(zhong)檔次的(de)餐(can)館用(yong)法也(ye)(ye)不盡相同。目就有(you)許(xu)多(duo)餐(can)廳餐(can)具采用(yong)通用(yong)型餐(can)具配置(zhi)(zhi)，也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)餐(can)用(yong)刀(dao)、叉(cha)不分主(zhu)副(fu)魚(yu)肉，匙不分濃湯、清湯，佐餐(can)酒杯也(ye)(ye)不分紅酒與(yu)白酒。由(you)于餐(can)具種(zhong)類(lei)減少(shao)，則補給也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)容易，員工的(de)訓(xun)練(lian)也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)簡單，更經濟方便。高(gao)檔餐(can)廳還是(shi)要按照規格(ge)標準(zhun)(zhun)使用(yong)餐(can)具，完(wan)全按照西方人士的(de)餐(can)飲習慣配置(zhi)(zhi)器皿及刀(dao)叉(cha)匙等(deng)餐(can)具。計算(suan)方法與(yu)中(zhong)餐(can)一(yi)樣，只需要把人均標準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)定(ding)下(xia)來(lai)，最(zui)低配置(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)就好計算(suan)了。由(you)于外餐(can)種(zhong)類(lei)標準(zhun)(zhun)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)就不一(yi)一(yi)列舉了。

4、餐具周(zhou)轉量計算說明

餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)量(liang)(liang)屬于(yu)管理范圍，由于(yu)涉及餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)存儲空間(jian)和(he)洗碗機(ji)配(pei)置(zhi)問(wen)題，在(zai)此略加(jia)(jia)說(shuo)明。規范標準(zhun)(zhun)要求餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)存儲量(liang)(liang)為“最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數的(de)(de)2倍(bei)（套）”。“餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)段(duan)不(bu)能(neng)使用2次要保證(zheng)不(bu)經(jing)消毒的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)能(neng)進入餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)廳”，這一(yi)(yi)原則就(jiu)確定(ding)(ding)了餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)基數。餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)量(liang)(liang)應與就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數和(he)經(jing)營(ying)規模(mo)相適(shi)應，不(bu)少(shao)于(yu)高峰(feng)就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數的(de)(de)2倍(bei)。應按(an)上述計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)方法(fa)算(suan)(suan)出一(yi)(yi)個最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)段(duan)最(zui)低配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)使用量(liang)(liang)，再適(shi)當增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)富(fu)余量(liang)(liang)20％，就(jiu)能(neng)保證(zheng)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)段(duan)的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)供應。餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般按(an)如下(xia)方法(fa)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)：零點(dian)飯(fan)店按(an)最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數的(de)(de)2．5倍(bei)（套）計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)；食(shi)堂(tang)、快餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)店按(an)最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數的(de)(de)2倍(bei)（套）計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)；有宴(yan)會接(jie)待服務和(he)散(san)客接(jie)待服務的(de)(de)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)廳按(an)最(zui)大就(jiu)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)人(ren)數的(de)(de)3倍(bei)（套）計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)。各式(shi)造型規格的(de)(de)上菜(cai)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是考(kao)慮零點(dian)隨機(ji)因素(su)按(an)餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)桌配(pei)套餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)確定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)量(liang)(liang)大于(yu)人(ren)均配(pei)備(bei)(bei)量(liang)(liang)。餐(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是易損物品，標準(zhun)(zhun)損耗率(lv)為3％，在(zai)存儲空間(jian)允許的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，盡量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)庫存，有備(bei)(bei)無患。